Integridad en la Investigación científica

Temas fundamentales y emergentes

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5195/biblios.2025.1217

Palabras clave:

Integridad científica, Prácticas de investigación responsables, Integridad académica, Ética científica, Cientometría Forense

Resumen

Objetivo. Esta revisión explora temas de interés en el domínio de la integridad en la investigación, destacando la importancia de prácticas responsables y éticas, y reporta sobre la Cientometría Forense, disciplina que emerge de los estudios Métricos de la Información, como un nuevo enfoque estratégico para analizar y mitigar prácticas fraudulentas en la ciencia.

Método. La investigación es de naturaleza cualitativa exploratoria y se basa en una revisión de la literatura especializada sobre integridad y ética en la investigación. Emplea el método de revisión narrativa para compilar y analizar estudios relevantes que abordan las normas, prácticas y desafíos del campo.

Resultados. Destaca que aunque existen códigos de conducta establecidos y discusiones crecientes sobre el tema, la plena implementación e internalización de estas directrices siguen siendo desafiantes. Las instituciones, revistas científicas y eventos internacionales desempeñan roles cruciales en la promoción de prácticas responsables.

Conclusiones. Promover la integridad en la investigación es una responsabilidad compartida que requiere esfuerzos coordinados y acciones integradas. Las instituciones deben crear entornos que fomenten prácticas responsables, mientras que las revistas científicas establecidas buscan cada vez más mejorar sus procesos de revisión por pares.

Biografía del autor/a

Karen Santos d'Amorim, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco

Doctora -Doctorado Directo, cambio de nivel con defensa- en Ciencia de la Información, con un periodo sandwich en la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (Laboratorio de Estudios Métricos de Información - LEMI). Posee un Máster en Ciencia de la Información, una Licenciatura en Biblioteconomía, una Licenciatura en Secretariado Ejecutivo y es especialista en Gestión de Proyectos, habiendo trabajado en Gestión de Proyectos de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación: Instituto Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (INCT-INAMI) y Capes (Capes Nanobiotec Brasil - Rede 36). Es miembro titular del Comité de Ética en Investigación (CEP/CONEP/Ministerio del Sistema de Salud) de la Fundación Altino Ventura (FAV), miembro de los grupos de investigación SCIENTIA (CNPq/DCI/UFPE), GrandFoton (CNPq/dQF/UFPE), miembro de la Asociación Nacional de Investigación y Posgrado en Ciencias de la Información (ANCIB) y árbitro ad-hoc de revistas de Ciencias de la Información e interdisciplinares, como Scientometrics, Journal of Academic Ethics (Springer Nature) y Scientific Reports (Nature portfolio). Sus intereses de investigación se centran en la Integridad de la Investigación (estudios sobre retractación, artículos retractados, indicadores), Estudios de Métricas de la Información (bibliometría, cienciometría, altmetría y cibermetría), Análisis de Citas, Análisis de Redes Sociales (con especial atención al comportamiento informativo en entornos online), Comunicación Científica y Estudios de Desinformación.

Raimundo Nonato Macedo dos Santos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco

Es licenciado en Ingeniería Civil por la Universidad de Brasilia (1974), máster en Information Stratégique et Critique Veille Technol - Université Paul Cézanne Aix Marseille III (1992) y doctor en Information Stratégique et Critique Veille Technol - Université Paul Cézanne Aix Marseille III (1995). Es profesor titular del programa PPGCI de la Universidad Federal de Pernambuco. Tiene experiencia en el campo de la Ciencia de la Información, con énfasis en la Teoría General de la Información, trabajando principalmente en los siguientes temas: ciencia de la información, bibliometría, cienciometría y producción científica.

Citas

ABDI, S.; FIEUWS, S.; NEMERY, B.; DIERICKX, K. Do we achieve anything by teaching research integrity to starting PhD students? Humanit Soc Sci Commun, London, v. 8, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-021-00908-5

AGUILERA, B.; CARRACEDO, S.; SAENZ, C. Research ethics systems in Latin America and the Caribbean: a systemic assessment using indicators. Lancet Glob Health, England, v. 10, n. 8, p. e1204–e1208, 2022 https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00128-0

ALL EUROPEAN ACADEMIES. The European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity – Revised Edition 2023. Berlin: ALLEA, 2023. https://doi.org/10.26356/ECOC

ANDERSON, M. S.; SHAW, M. A.; STENECK, N. H.; KONKLE, E.; KAMATA, T. Research Integrity and Misconduct in the Academic Profession. In: PAULSEN, M. (eds). Higher Education: Handbook of Theory and Research (vol. 28). Dordrecht: Springer, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5836-0_5

ANTENOR, S. Comitês de Ética ajudam a regular pesquisas com seres humanos. IPEA, 2020. Disponível em: https://www.ipea.gov.br/cts/pt/central-de-conteudo/artigos/artigos/228-comites-de-etica-ajudam-a-regular-pesquisas-com-seres-humanos-no-brasil. Acesso em: 06 set. 2022.

ANTES A. L., KUYKENDALL, A.; DUBOIS J. M. The lab management practices of “Research Exemplars” that foster research rigor and regulatory compliance: A qualitative study of successful principal investigators. PLOS ONE, San Francisco, v. 14, n. 4, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214595

ARMOND, A. C. V.; KAKUK, P. Research integrity guidelines and safeguards in Brazil. Account Res, New York, v. 30, n. 3, p. 133-149, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1080/08989621.2021.1979969

BOUTER, L. Fostering responsible research practices is a shared responsibility of multiple stakeholders. J. Clin. Epidemiol., Oxford; New York, v. 96, p. 143–146, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.12.016

BOUTER, L. What Research Institutions can do to foster Research Integrity. Sci Eng Ethics, England, v. 26, p. 2363–2369, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-020-00178-5

CARLING, J. Research ethics and research integrity. MIGNEX Handbook. Chapter 4 (v1). Oslo: Peace Research Institute Oslo, 2019. Disponível em: www.mignex.org/d013

CERDÀ-NAVARRO, A.; TOUZA, C.; MOREY-LÓPEZ, M.; CURIEL, E. Academic integrity policies against assessment fraud in postgraduate studies: An analysis of the situation in Spanish universities. Heliyon, London, v. 8, n. 3, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09170

Conselho... Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa. Disponível em: https://conselho.saude.gov.br/comites-de-etica-em-pesquisa-conep?view=default Acesso em: 14 jul. 2023.

COPE Council. Core practices. – English. Committee on Publication Ethics, c2025. Disponível em: https://publicationethics.org/about/what-we-do/our-story/core-practices. Acesso em: 15 fev. 2025.

COPE Council. Strategic plan. – English. Committee on Publication Ethics, c2024b. Disponível em: https://publicationethics.org/about/cope-strategic-plan Acesso em: 18 nov. 2024.

DEJO-VÁSQUEZ, M.; LESCANO, R.; PÉREZ-CARREÑO, J. G. The value of the World Conferences on Research Integrity: perspectives from Peru. Forensic Sci Res, Abingdon, v. 6, n. 4, p. 347–349, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1080/20961790.2021.1972906

DESMOND H, DIERICKX K. Research integrity codes of conduct in Europe: Understanding the divergences. Bioethics, Oxford, v. 35, n. 5, p. 414–428, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1111/bioe.12851

EDSALL, J. Scientific freedom and responsibility. Science, New York, v. 188, n. 4189, p. 687–693, 1975. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.11643270

ELLIOTT, K. Values in Science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022.

FANELLI, D. Why growing retractions are (mostly) a good sign. PLOS Med, San Francisco, v. 10: e1001563, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001563

GARFIELD, E. What do we know about fraud and other forms of intellectual dishonesty in science? Part 1, The spectrum of deviant behavior in science. Curr Contents Clin Med, v. 15, n. 14, p. 3–7, 1987.

GONZALEZ-ACUNA, J. C; MUNOZ, C.; VALENZUELA, J. Ética e integridad académica en la formación doctoral: el caso de los doctorados en educación en las universidades chilenas. Acta bioeth., Santiago, v. 29, n. 1, p. 27–38, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S1726-569X2023000100027

GOTTARDELLO, D.; KARABAG, S. F. Ideal and actual roles of university professors in academic integrity management: a comparative study. Stud High Educ, Oxford, v. 47, n. 3, p.526–544, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2020.1767051

GUIDE to referees. Scientific Reports. Disponível em: https://www.nature.com/srep/guide-to-referees Acesso em: 12 fev. 2024.

GUILHEM, D. Ética em pesquisa: avanços e desafios. RECIIS, Rio de Janeiro, v. 2, 2008. Disponível em: https://www.reciis.icict.fiocruz.br/index.php/reciis/article/view/870 . Acesso em: 07 de janeiro de 2023.

HELGESSON, G.; BÜLOW, W. Research Integrity and Hidden Value Conflicts. J Acad Ethics, Dordrecht, v. 21, p. 113–123, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-021-09442-0

INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF MEDICAL JOURNAL EDITORS. Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals. N Engl J Med., Boston, v. 336, p. 309-316, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199701233360422

INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF MEDICAL JOURNAL EDITORS (ICMJE). Recommendations: Defining the Role of Authors and Contributors. In: INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF MEDICAL JOURNAL EDITORS [Philadelphia, USA]: International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, 2024. Disponível em: https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/. Acesso em: 15 fev. 2025.

KARLBERG, I. On Peer Review – the Cornerstone of Scientific Publication. Scand J Public Health, London, v. 43, n. 1, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1177/14034948145657

KOLSTOE, S. E.; PUGH, J. The trinity of good research: Distinguishing between research integrity, ethics, and governance. Account Res, New York, 2023 [ahead of print]. https://doi.org/10.1080/08989621.2023.2239712

LEE, C. J.; SUGIMOTO, C. R.; ZHANG, G.; CRONIN, B. Bias in peer review. J Assoc Inf Sci Technol, Hoboken, v. 64, n. 1, p. 2-17, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.22784

LÖFSTRÖM, E.; TROTMAN, T.; FURNARI, M.; SHEPHARD, K. Who teaches academic integrity and how do they teach it? Int J High Educ, Toronto, v. 69, p. 435–448, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-014-9784-3

MARCUS, A.; ORANSKY, I. What Studies of Retractions Tell Us. J Microbiol Biol Educ, Washington, v. 15, n. 2, 151–154, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jmbe.v15i2.855

MCINTOSH, L. D.; VITALE, C. H. Forensic Scientometrics - An emerging discipline to protect the scholarly record. arXiv:2404.00478, 2024. http://arxiv.org/abs/2404.00478

MEJLGAARD, N.; BOUTER, L. M.; GASKELL, G.; KAVOURAS, P.; ALLUM, N.; BENDTSEN, A.-K.; et al. Research integrity: nine ways to move from talk to walk. Nature, London, v. 586, p. 358–360, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-02847-8

MERISTE, H.; PARDER, M. L.; LÕUK, K.; SIMM, K.; LILLES-HEINSAR, L.; VESKI, L.; SOONE, M.; JUURIK, M.; SUTROP, M. Normative analysis of research integrity and misconduct. Brussels: The PRINTEGER Project., 2016. Disponível em: https://printeger.eu/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/D2.3.pdf

MERTON, R. K. The Sociology of Science: Theoretical and Empirical Investigations. University of Chicago Press, 1962.

MUTHANNA, A.; CHAABAN, Y.; QADHI, S. A model of the interrelationship between research ethics and research integrity. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being, Philadelphia, v. 19, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482631.2023.2295151

ORTEGA, J. L. Classification and analysis of PubPeer comments: How a web journal club is used. J Assoc Inf Sci Technol, Hoboken, v. 73, n. 5, p. 655–670, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.24568

PIZZOLATO, D., DIERICKX, K. The Mentor’s Role in Fostering Research Integrity Standards Among New Generations of Researchers: A Review of Empirical Studies. Sci Eng Ethics, England, v. 29, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-023-00439-z

REETZ, M. T. Effective Mentoring and the Problem of Assessing Quality in Science. Helv Chim Acta, Basel, v. 104, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.202100124

RESNIK, D. B. The ethics of science: An introduction. London: Routledge, 1998.

RESNIK D. B. Scientific Autonomy and Public Oversight. Episteme, Cambridge, v. 5, n. 2, 220–238, 2008. https://doi.org/10.3366/E1742360008000336

RESNIK, D. B.; ELLIOTT, K. C. Value-Entanglement and the Integrity of Scientific Research. Stud Hist Philos Sci. Oxford, v. 75, p 1–11, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2018.12.011

ROTHER, E. T. Revisão sistemática X revisão narrativa. Acta Paulista de Enfermagem, v. 20, n. 2, 2007. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-21002007000200001

SANTOS, C. A. dos. A participação de Fletcher no experimento de gota de óleo de Millikan. Rev. Bras. Ens. Fis., São Paulo, vol. 17, n. 1, p. 107–116, 1995. Disponível em: https://www.sbfisica.org.br/rbef/pdf/vol17a10.pdfAcesso em: 16 abr. 2024

SANTOS-D´AMORIM, K. Dinâmica das retratações de artigos científicos na América Latina e implicações na cultura de integridade em pesquisa e governança na Ciência. 2024. Tese (Doutorado em Ciência da Informação) – Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência da Informação, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, 2024.

SANTOS-D'AMORIM, K. Integridade na pesquisa no âmbito da conjuntura pandêmica de COVID-19: um mapeamento bibliométrico. AtoZ (Curitiba), Curitiba, v. 11, p. 1–11, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5380/atoz.v11i0.84325

SHAW, D.; SATALKAR, P. Researchers’ interpretations of research integrity: A qualitative study. Account Res., London, v. 25, n. 2, 79–93, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1080/08989621.2017.1413940

SHUSTER, E. Fifty Years Later: The Significance of the Nuremberg Code. N Engl J Med, Boston, v. 337, p. 1436–1440, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199711133372006

SOEHARTONO, A. M.; YU, L. G.; KHOR, K. A. Essential signals in publication trends and collaboration patterns in global Research Integrity and Research Ethics (RIRE). Scientometrics, Amsterdam, v. 127, p. 7487–7497, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-022-04400-y

SRIVASTAVA, D. S.; BERNARDINO, J.; MARQUES, A. T.; PROENÇA-FERREIRA, A.; FILIPE, A. F.; BORDA-DE-ÁGUA, L.; GAMEIRO, J. Editors are biased too: An extension of Fox et al. (2023)'s analysis makes the case for triple-blind review. Funct Ecol, Oxford, v. 38, n. 2, p. 278–283, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.14483

STENECK, N. H.; MAYER, T.; ANDERSON, M. S.; KLEINERT, S. The Origin, Objectives and Evolution of the World Conferences on Research Integrity. In: Gundersen, L. C. (Org.). Scientific Integrity and Ethics in the Geosciences. Washington, D.C.: Hoboken, NJ: American Geophysical Union; John Wiley & Sons, 2018. P. 3-14

STENECK, N. H. Introduction to the Responsible Conduct of Research. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 2007.

STEWART JR., C. N. Research Ethics for Scientists: A companion for students. Chichester: Willey-Blackwall, 2011.

TEIXEIRA DA SILVA, J. The Profoundly Unethical Nature of Retraction Watch’s Call for Coercion. European Business & Management, [s.l.]. v. 3, n. 6, 2017. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ebm.20170306.15

TIJDINK, J. K., HORBACH, S. P. J. M.; NUIJTEN, M. B.; O’NEILL, G. Towards a Research Agenda for Promoting Responsible Research Practices. J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics, Thousand Oaks, v. 16, n. 4, p. 450–460, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1177/15562646211018916

WORLD CONFERENCE ON RESEARCH INTEGRITY. Singapore Statement on Research Integrity. – English. World Conference on Research Integrity Foundation, c2024. Disponível em: https://www.wcrif.org/guidance/singapore-statement. Acesso em: 18 nov. 2024.

WOLFRAM, D.; WANG, P.; HEMBREE, A.; PARK, H. Open peer review: promoting transparency in open science. Scientometrics, Amsterdam, v. 125, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-020-03488-4

van den HOVEN, M.; LINDEMANN, T.; ZOLLITSCH, L.; PRIEß-BUCHHEIT, J. A Taxonomy for Research Integrity Training: Design, Conduct, and Improvements in Research Integrity Courses. Sci Eng Ethics, England, v. 29, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-022-00425-x

ZIMAN, J. M. A Força do Conhecimento. Tradução: Eugênio Amado. São Paulo: Editora Itatiaia; Edusp, 1981.

ZIMAN, J. M. O conhecimento confiável. Uma exploração dos fundamentos para a crença na ciência. Tradução: Tomás R. Bueno. Campinas, SP: Papirus, 1996.

ZUCKERMAN, H. Is “the time ripe” for quantitative research on misconduct in science? Quantitative Science Studies, Cambridge, v. 1, n. 3, p. 945–958, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_00065

Publicado

21-03-2025

Cómo citar

Santos d’Amorim, K., & Macedo dos Santos, R. N. (2025). Integridad en la Investigación científica : Temas fundamentales y emergentes. Biblios Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, (88), e002. https://doi.org/10.5195/biblios.2025.1217

Número

Sección

Original